Modals of deductions about the past

Intermediate

Modals of deductions about the past

Modals of deductions در رابطه با گذشته


Grammar explanation

ما می توانیم از افعال معین برای کسر استفاده کنیم - حدس می زنیم اگر چیزی با استفاده از اطلاعات موجود صحیح باشد. فعل معین که ما انتخاب می کنیم نشان می دهد که ما درباره احتمال چقدر مطمئن هستیم. این صفحه در مورد کسر مطالب مربوط به گذشته است.

We can use modal verbs for deduction – guessing if something is true using the available information. The modal verb we choose shows how certain we are about the possibility. This page focuses on making deductions about the past.

must have

We use must have + past participle when we feel sure about what happened.

Who told the newspapers about the prime minister's plans? It must have been someone close to him.
The thief must have had a key. The door was locked and nothing was broken.
Oh, good! We've got milk. Mo must have bought some yesterday.

might have / may have

We can use might have or may have + past participle when we think it's possible that something happened. 

I think I might have left the air conditioning on. Please can you check?
Police think the suspect may have left the country using a fake passport.

May have is more formal than might have. Could have is also possible in this context but less common.

can't have / couldn't have 

We use can't have and couldn't have + past participle when we think it's not possible that something happened.

She can't have driven there. Her car keys are still here.
I thought I saw Adnan this morning but it couldn't have been him – he's in Greece this week.

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