Adjectives ending in '-ed' and '-ing'

Grammar explanation

بسیاری از صفات در زبان انگلیسی از طریق اضافه کردن ing- به آخر افعال ساخته می‌شوند. توجه کنید که اگر فعلی منتهی به e باشد هنگام اضافه کردن ing به آن، e حذف می‌شود.

بسیاری از صفات در زبان انگلیسی از طریق اضافه کردن ed- به آخر افعال ساخته می‌شوند و اگر خود فعل انتهایش e داشت تنها d به انتهای فعل اضافه می‌کنیم.

Adjectives that end in -ed (e.g. bored, interested) and adjectives that end in -ing (e.g. boring, interesting) are often confused.

-ed adjectives

Adjectives that end in -ed generally describe emotions – they tell us how people feel.

I was so bored in that lesson, I almost fell asleep.
He was surprised to see Helen after all those years.
She was really tired and went to bed early.

-ing adjectives

Adjectives that end in -ing generally describe the thing that causes the emotion – a boring lesson makes you feel bored.

Have you seen that film? It's really frightening.
I could listen to her for hours. She's so interesting.
I can't sleep! That noise is really annoying!

Here are some adjectives that can have both an -ed and an -ing form.

annoyed	annoying
bored	boring
confused	confusing
disappointed	disappointing
excited	exciting
frightened	frightening
interested	interesting
surprised	surprising
tired	tiring
worried	worrying